Minor Snow (Xiaoxue), the 20th solar term in the traditional Chinese calendar, marks an important seasonal milestone as the second solar term of winter. Occurring annually around November 22 or 23 in the Gregorian calendar, this period corresponds to the sun’s position at exactly 240° longitude. More than a mere chronological marker, Minor Snow reflects the subtle transitions in climate and nature.
As the name suggests, this solar term signals the onset of snow, with precipitation gradually shifting from rain to snow. Although snowfall during this period is typically light, it heralds the intensifying chill of winter. It also serves as a sign of frequent cold waves and strong cold air activity, reminding people of the need to prepare for harsher weather and stay warm.
With the quiet arrival of Minor Snow, the landscape begins to be adorned with a silvery sheen, temperatures continue to drop, and precipitation increases steadily. This marks the entry into the coldest part of the year, a time when all things in nature retreat into dormancy. Meanwhile, people begin their winter preparations, embracing a season that, while cold, is rich in poetic beauty and quiet reflection.
what does xiaoxue mean
Minor Snow (Xiaoxue), as one of the uniquely significant solar terms in the traditional Chinese calendar, carries profound climatological meaning and embodies the subtle philosophy of seasonal transitions. This solar term is not just a marker of time’s passage but a vivid reflection of the changes in nature’s climate.
To begin, the name Minor Snow does not literally indicate a period of light snowfall during this time. Instead, it serves as a symbolic and metaphorical representation of the climate’s characteristics. Here, “snow,” as an emblematic product of cold weather, vividly describes the state of the climate during this period—cold, but not yet at its harshest; with precipitation increasing, yet not forming widespread snowy scenes. The term Minor Snow aptly summarizes this unique climate state: cold but not extreme, with rising precipitation that has not yet evolved into heavy snowfall.
The arrival of Minor Snow signals a significant shift in East Asia’s atmospheric circulation. As the season advances, the atmospheric patterns over East Asia gradually establish a more stable meridional circulation. This transformation allows cold air masses from higher latitudes to move southward more freely, influencing the climate of China and the broader East Asian region. Specifically, low-pressure systems or troughs forming over Siberia often move eastward under particular weather conditions, accompanied by large-scale cold air masses. This powerful influx of cold air sweeps through affected areas, bringing sharp drops in temperature and strong winds, intensifying the chill of the season.
This phenomenon of cold air surges during Minor Snow is not random but a result of the combined effects of the Earth’s rotation, revolution, and atmospheric circulation. With the frequent incursions of cold air, much of China gradually transitions into the coldest period of winter. People begin to feel a marked drop in temperature, prompting changes in lifestyle and attire.
An increase in precipitation is another defining feature of this solar term. While rainfall might still predominate in many regions, the steady decline in temperature leads to more instances of mixed rain and snow or even pure snowfall, gradually blanketing the land with a layer of pristine white. Minor Snow thus bridges the transition from late autumn to deep winter, capturing the beauty and dynamism of seasonal change.
The History of the Minor Snow (Xiaoxue) Solar Term
The history of the Minor Snow (Xiaoxue) solar term is deeply rooted in ancient China’s keen observations of natural climates. Its name first appeared in the classic text Zhou Li (Rites of Zhou), describing the light, delicate snowfall of early winter, during which the ground had yet to freeze. This vividly captured the unique climatic characteristics of the period.
By the Western Han Dynasty, Minor Snow was officially recognized as one of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms, marking the deepening of winter and the gradual drop in temperatures. At this time, East Asia’s atmospheric circulation underwent a significant shift. The stabilization of meridional circulation allowed cold air masses to move southward more frequently, bringing strong winds, cold spells, and episodes of rain and snow, thus enriching the climatic essence of the solar term.
Minor Snow is not merely a climatic marker; it also carries profound cultural significance. In ancient times, it served as a vital guide for agricultural activities, helping farmers plan their work, such as planting and harvesting, exemplifying the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Additionally, this solar term was a time for people to express reverence and gratitude toward nature. Rituals, offerings, and prayers were held to wish for bountiful harvests and a prosperous life.
Today, while Minor Snow no longer directly dictates agricultural practices, its cultural value and meteorological significance remain prominent. It serves as a reminder to pay attention to seasonal changes and appreciate the rhythms of nature. In the fast-paced modern world, it offers an opportunity to reconnect with nature, find tranquility, and savor its beauty.
The enduring history of the Minor Snow solar term is a vivid reflection of the mutual awareness and interdependence between humanity and nature. Spanning millennia, it continues to shine brightly as an indispensable part of Chinese cultural heritage.
Meteorological Changes During the Minor Snow (Xiaoxue) Solar Term
Minor Snow (Xiaoxue), as a key member of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms, is not only a marker of time but also a climate concept that vividly reflects changes in precipitation and temperature. The arrival of this solar term signifies a transition in East Asia’s atmospheric circulation into a relatively stable meridional flow pattern. During this period, low-pressure systems or troughs originating from Siberia move eastward, steering large-scale cold air southward. This results in widespread strong winds and significant temperature drops across China and the broader East Asian region. Consequently, Minor Snow is characterized by frequent cold waves and intense cold air activity.
However, it is essential to distinguish between the solar term “Minor Snow” and the meteorological phenomenon of “light snow” mentioned in daily weather forecasts. The solar term Minor Snow does not refer to specific snowfall events; instead, it is a climatic term describing trends in temperature and precipitation changes. It reflects the gradual cooling of weather during this period and the increase in precipitation, though not yet reaching heavy snowfall levels.
In contrast, the meteorological term “light snow” refers to a specific weather phenomenon. According to meteorological standards, “light snow” occurs when snowfall reduces horizontal visibility to 1,000 meters or more, snow accumulation is less than 3 cm on the ground, and 24-hour snowfall amounts range from 0.1 to 2.4 mm.
An interesting observation is that despite the association between the Minor Snow solar term and snow, the heaviest annual snowfall does not necessarily occur during the Minor Snow or Major Snow solar terms. For example, in areas such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the most significant snowfall often happens during the Rain Water (Yushui) solar term in spring, rather than during the winter solar terms.
In summary, the Minor Snow solar term is not only a marker of climatic changes but also a carrier of cultural significance and scientific knowledge. It encourages us to observe seasonal transitions, understand natural laws, and appreciate the deeper mysteries of meteorology while enjoying the beauty of snowy landscapes.
The Minor Snow Solar Term and Agricultural Activities
The Minor Snow (Xiaoxue) solar term is a crucial point in the agricultural calendar. During this period, farmers seize the opportunity to harvest, sow crops, and manage cold-weather preparations for plants and livestock, ensuring readiness for the upcoming winter. For vast agricultural regions, Minor Snow is not just a marker of seasonal transition but also a key guide for agricultural production, directly influencing the harvest of the following year.
In northern China, temperatures drop significantly during the Minor Snow period. In the northeast, the soil begins to freeze, with an initial freezing depth of approximately 10 centimeters. This depth increases by about 1 centimeter per day, reaching over 1 meter by the end of the solar term. A folk saying vividly captures this phenomenon: “The ground freezes solid during Minor Snow.” As the ground freezes deeper, rivers and lakes also begin to freeze, signaling the full arrival of winter.
During the Minor Snow solar term, the frequency and extent of snowfall increase, though the volume of snow is usually light. Nevertheless, snow plays a significant role in agricultural production. In Chinese agricultural culture, there is a traditional saying: “A snowy Minor Snow foretells a bountiful harvest next year.” This proverb encapsulates farmers’ profound observations of nature and practical wisdom, containing three layers of scientific reasoning.
First, snowfall during Minor Snow often indicates favorable climatic conditions, ensuring evenly distributed precipitation in the coming year. This minimizes the risk of severe droughts or floods, creating an ideal environment for crop growth. In northern regions especially, snow replenishes soil moisture. The melting snow moistens the ground, benefiting winter wheat and other overwintering crops, thereby laying a solid foundation for a bumper harvest.
Second, snow is instrumental in controlling pests and diseases. Winter’s low temperatures and snow cover effectively kill certain pathogens and pests, reducing their survival rates in soil and crops. This natural regulation mechanism lessens the occurrence of pest infestations in spring, making it an indispensable advantage in traditional agriculture and reflecting a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
Third, snow acts as an insulating layer, protecting soil and crops from extreme cold. Like a natural “blanket,” snow shields the ground from biting winds and maintains stable surface temperatures. This insulating effect promotes microbial activity in the soil, facilitating the decomposition of organic matter and enhancing soil fertility. This process provides essential nutrients for the growth of crops in the coming year.
During the Minor Snow period, farmers adjust their activities based on climatic conditions. Tasks such as harvesting late-maturing crops and stockpiling fodder for livestock are prioritized. They also focus on strengthening agricultural facilities, such as reinforcing greenhouses and preventing cold air infiltration, creating favorable environments for the healthy growth of overwintering crops and livestock. For regions cultivating winter wheat, the Minor Snow solar term is a critical period for field management, with farmers concentrating on cold-proof and moisture-conservation measures to ensure crops safely endure the winter.
With advancements in agricultural technology and meteorological monitoring, modern farmers engage in more scientific practices during the Minor Snow solar term. Beyond observing seasonal changes, they leverage weather data and technological tools to optimize field management and enhance agricultural productivity. Yet, regardless of technological progress, the traditional wisdom embedded in the Minor Snow solar term continues to hold significant value.
In conclusion, the arrival of the Minor Snow solar term not only signals the deepening of winter but also provides vital guidance for agricultural production. From folk proverbs to practical operations, from ancient experiences to modern science, the Minor Snow solar term, with its distinctive climatic features and agricultural importance, bridges the past and the future, enabling people to adapt to natural changes and achieve abundant harvests.
Traditional Customs of the Minor Snow Solar Term
Minor Snow, the second solar term of winter, marks a further drop in temperature and an increase in precipitation. It is also rich in traditional customs and regional characteristics, showcasing a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
The saying “Pickle vegetables during Minor Snow, cure meat during Major Snow” succinctly captures the dietary customs around this time. In northern China, as temperatures plummet, households begin preparing for the harsh winter by pickling mustard greens and fermenting sour cabbage. These preserved foods not only add variety to winter meals but also serve as a way to preserve and celebrate the fruits of labor from the past year. In southern China, the custom of eating glutinous rice cakes during Minor Snow reflects a different cultural flavor. These rice cakes, made by steaming and pounding glutinous rice, are a beloved delicacy in southern regions. Historically used as offerings in agricultural rituals, they symbolize wishes for a bountiful harvest and happiness. Today, they remain an essential part of family gatherings, bringing warmth and sweetness to the season.
Another important custom during Minor Snow is drying fish. In coastal villages in southern Taiwan, this period marks a busy season for fishermen. Benefiting from the clear weather, they dry mullet, swordfish, and other catches to produce salted and dried fish, a distinctive addition to winter meals. This tradition also preserves the cultural heritage of fishing communities, demonstrating their harmonious relationship with nature.
In Tujia ethnic communities, Minor Snow is a time for the annual tradition of “killing the New Year pig,” an event that celebrates the coming year and strengthens communal bonds. A key part of this event is the preparation and enjoyment of paotang, a dish made from freshly slaughtered pork. This hearty and flavorful meal reflects the Tujia people’s hospitality, unity, and hopes for a prosperous future.
The Minor Snow period is also ideal for curing meat. A popular saying, “Cure meat in the winter wind to store for winter”, highlights the practicality of preserving meat during this cold, dry time. Farmers begin making sausages and curing pork using traditional methods, ensuring they have flavorful reserves to enjoy during the Lunar New Year celebrations. In southern cities like Guangzhou, cured meats are especially popular. Locals create dishes such as radish cakes with cured meat, taro stewed with cured meat, and stir-fried sausages with snap peas. These dishes not only delight the palate but also add vibrancy to winter dining tables.
In summary, the Minor Snow solar term is not just a marker of climatic changes but also a period imbued with cultural meaning and rich traditions. Through these customs and activities, people connect with the changing seasons and the rhythm of nature. They also demonstrate a deep appreciation for life and their environment. These traditions, like pearls strung together, reflect love for life and hope for the future.
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